The BAe Harrier is a British single-seat fighter, attack, and reconnaissance aircraft with V/STOL capability and a semi-monocoque aluminum structure. The Harrier's development originated in 1957, when Lord Sydney Camm of Hawker Aircraft and Dr. Stanley Hooker of Bristol Siddeley Engines started designing a tactical aircraft using the turbo-fan engine from Bristol factories, known as BS.53. It was specially adapted for vertical thrust vectoring, enabling vertical takeoff of a fixed-wing aircraft.

• Engine exhaust directed into four stepped nozzles.
• Mounted in pairs on the front and rear of the fuselage.
• Nozzle rotation range over 90 degrees.
• Exhaust direction: rearward during normal flight, vertically downward for takeoff and landing.
• Ability to transition at any angle during flight.